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Intermediate Python for Astronomical Software Development

This course aims to teach a core set of established, intermediate-level software development skills and best practices for working as part of a team in a research environment using Python as an example programming language (see detailed learning objectives below). The core set of skills we teach is not a comprehensive set of all-encompassing skills, but a selective set of tried-and-tested collaborative development skills that forms a firm foundation for continuing on your learning journey.

A typical learner for this course may be someone who is working in a research environment, needing to write some code, has gained basic software development skills either by self-learning or attending, e.g., a novice Software Carpentry Python course. They have been applying those skills in their domain of work by writing code for some time, e.g. half a year or more. However, their software development-related projects are now becoming larger and are involving more researchers and other stakeholders (e.g. users), for example:

They now need intermediate software engineering skills to help them design more robust software code that goes beyond a few thrown-together proof-of-concept scripts, taking into consideration the lifecycle of software, writing software for stakeholders, team ethic and applying a process to understanding, designing, building, releasing, and maintaining software.

Target Audience

This course is for you if:

This course is not for you if:

Prerequisites

To attend this course you should meet the following criteria. You can also test your prerequisite knowledge by taking this short quiz.

Git

  • You are familiar with the concept of version control
  • You have experience configuring Git for the first time and creating a local repository
  • You have experience using Git to create and clone a repository and add/commit changes to it and to push to/pull from a remote repository
  • Optionally, you have experience comparing various versions of tracked files or ignoring specific files

Python

  • You have a basic knowledge of programming in Python (using variables, lists, conditional statements, functions and importing external libraries)
  • You have previously written Python scripts or iPython/Jupyter notebooks to accomplish tasks in your domain of work

Shell

  • You have experience using a command line interface, such as Bash, to navigate a UNIX-style file system and run commands with arguments
  • Optionally, you have experience redirecting inputs and outputs from a command

Learning Objectives for the Workshop

  • Set up and use a suitable development environment together with popular source code management infrastructure to develop software collaboratively
  • Use a test framework to automate the verification of correct behaviour of code, and employ parameterisation and continuous integration to scale and further automate your testing
  • Design robust, extensible software through the application of suitable programming paradigms and design techniques
  • Understand the code review process and employ it to improve the quality of code
  • Prepare and release your software for reuse by others
  • Manage software improvement from feedback through agile techniques

Setup

Please make sure that you have all the necessary software and accounts setup ahead of the workshop as described in the Setup section. Also check the list of common issues, fixes & tips if you experience any problems running any of the tools you installed - your issue may be solved there.

Schedule

Setup Download and setup software required for the course
00:00 Setting the Scene What are we teaching in this course?
What motivated the selection of topics covered in the course?
Section 1 00:00 Section 1: Setting Up Environment For Collaborative Code Development What tools are needed to collaborate on code development effectively?
00:10 Introduction to Our Software Project What is the design architecture of our example software project?
Why is splitting code into smaller functional units (modules) good when designing software?
00:40 Virtual Environments For Software Development What are virtual environments in software development and why you should use them?
How can we manage Python virtual environments and external (third-party) libraries?
01:10 Integrated Software Development Environments What are Integrated Development Environments (IDEs)?
What are the advantages of using IDEs for software development?
How does Jupyter Lab interact with virtual environments?
01:50 Best practices for Jupyter How to avoid chaos when writing code in Notebooks?
What is the workflow when using Jupyter Lab for software development?
02:15 Collaborative Software Development Using Git and GitHub What are Git branches and why are they useful for code development?
What are some best practices when developing software collaboratively using Git?
02:50 Python Code Style Conventions Why should you follow software code style conventions?
Who is setting code style conventions?
What code style conventions exist for Python?
03:25 Verifying Code Style Using Linters What tools can help with maintaining a consistent code style?
How can we automate code style checking?
03:50 Section end
Section 2 00:00 Section 2: Ensuring Correctness of Software at Scale What should we do to ensure our code is correct?
00:05 Automatically Testing Software Does the code we develop work the way it should do?
Can we (and others) verify these assertions for themselves?
To what extent are we confident of the accuracy of results that appear in publications?
00:55 Scaling Up Unit Testing How can we make it easier to write lots of tests?
How can we know how much of our code is being tested?
01:10 Github Issues and Collaborative Development How can we keep track of identified issues and the list of tasks the team has to do?
How can we communicate within a team on code-related issues and share responsibilities?
How can we plan, prioritise and manage tasks for future development?
01:55 Continuous Integration for Automated Testing How can I automate the testing of my repository’s code in a way that scales well?
What can I do to make testing across multiple platforms easier?
02:40 Issue Diagnostics with a Debugger and Other Tools Once we know our program has errors, how can we locate them in the code?
How can we make our programs more resilient to failure?
03:30 Section end
Section 3 00:00 Section 3: Software Development as a Process How can we design and write ‘good’ software that meets its goals and requirements?
00:05 Programming Paradigms How does the structure of a problem affect the structure of our code?
How can we use common software paradigms to improve the quality of our software?
00:15 Functional Programming What is functional programming?
Which situations/problems is functional programming well suited for?
01:15 Object Oriented Programming How can we use code to describe the structure of data?
How should the relationships between structures be described?
02:25 Software Requirements Where do we start when beginning a new software project?
How can we capture and organise what is required for software to function as intended?
03:00 Software Architecture and Design What should we consider when designing software?
How to determine which components our software will have?
03:35 Architecture Revisited: Adding a .py Controller How can we extend our software within the constraints of the MVC architecture?
04:40 Section end
Section 4 00:00 Section 4: Collaborative Software Development for Reuse What practices help us develop software collaboratively that will make it easier for us and others to further develop and reuse it?
00:05 Developing Software In a Team: Code Review How do we develop software in a team?
What is code review and how it can improve the quality of code?
00:45 Preparing Software for Reuse and Release What can we do to make our programs reusable by others?
How should we document and license our code?
01:40 Packaging Code for Release and Distribution How do we prepare our code for sharing as a Python package?
How do we release our project for other people to install and reuse?
02:00 Section end
00:00 Wrap-up Looking back at what was covered and how different pieces fit together
Where are some advanced topics and further reading available?
00:15 Finish

The actual schedule may vary slightly depending on the topics and exercises chosen by the instructor.